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1. W. James Potter, who believes that television is harmful for children, offers statistics, in part, in order to
- [ ] show that policy makers are not doing enough to curb violent portrayals on television.
- [ ] link proven negative effects of exposure to media violence to teenage fears, to their expressed anticipation of victimization, and to the experience of an increasingly hostile social environment.
- [ ] garner support for increased parental vigilance and V-chip legislation.
- [ ] support his view of a society poised on the edge of social chaos.
2. Jib Fowles, who does not believe that television is harmful for children, criticizes Albert Bandura's famous Bobo doll study, calling it a "concocted scheme" unrelated to real-world experience. Fowles levels all of the following charges against such laboratory experiments on media effects and children EXCEPT
- [ ] what the subject is shown in a laboratory experiment hardly resembles what he or she sees on television at home.
- [ ] the essential element of the domestic television viewing experience, pleasure, has been methodically stripped away.
- [ ] the site - usually a university building or another institutional setting - is unfamiliar to young subjects, hardly welcoming or warm, and in every way imbued with artificiality.
- [ ] subjects in laboratory settings are rewarded for aggressive behavior and punished for passive or related interpersonal behavior.
3. The estimated number of studies that have been conducted to answer questions about media violence and its relationship to human behavior is
- [ ] a. less than 50
- [ ] b. 50 - 100
- [ ] c. 500 - 1,000
- [ ] d. 3,000 - 3,500
- [ ] e. 5,000 - 6,500
- [ ] f. 9,500 - 10,000
- [ ] g. more than 10,000
4. Which one of the following factors are NOT one of the apparent causes for violence in U.S. society, according to Potter?
- [ ] everyday frustrations
- [ ] the shift away from traditional morality to situational pluralism
- [ ] media violence
- [ ] the breakdown of the nuclear family
5. One of the "laws" extracted by Potter from meta-analyses of studies is that the immediate disinhibition effect is influenced by viewer demographics, viewer traits, viewer states, characteristics in the portrayals, and situational cues. Thus key characteristics of viewer traits include
- [ ] age, gender, ethnic affiliation, and religious practice.
- [ ] age range, gender orientation, geographic location, and level of education.
- [ ] socialization against aggression, cognitive processing, and personality type.
- [ ] age, gender, attitude towards aggression, and level of education.
6. Fowles charges that in violent effects literature, viewers
- [ ] are conceived of as vacuous and mind-numbed while television is seen as coercive and sinister.
- [ ] are conceived of as overly critical of programming while television is seen as merely a source of pleasure for the viewer.
- [ ] are conceived of as immature while television is seen as beneficial to viewers' development.
- [ ] and television enjoy a mutually beneficial relationship.
7. Fowles makes his "case for television violence" by
- [ ] offering evidence that violence as entertainment is psychologically healthy, as it gets aggression out of the human system.
- [ ] methodically addressing, critiquing, and dismantling many of the studies most frequently cited as evidence that media violence is harmful.
- [ ] shooting down Potter's argument, point by point.
- [ ] showing that his research has proven media portrayals of violence to be behaviorally benign.
8. The number of studies conducted is significant to both Potter and Fowles. Which one of the following statements most accurately characterizes each author's view?
- [ ] For Potter, the findings show beyond a shadow of a doubt that v violence in the media leads to children mimicking the actions they see on television; for Fowles, much more research needs to be done before any conclusive statements can be made about children and aggression.
- [ ] For Potter, sufficient cumulative evidence can be shown to support the statement that exposure to violence leads to negative effects; for Fowles, careful examination of findings across the vast body of literature only show that research has not been successful in proving a link.
- [ ] For Potter, findings across the literature are spotty and inconclusive, but he manages to draw some inferences from the best-designed studies; Fowles believes that there is no way to measure negative effects.
- [ ] Potter believes that more research is needed before any meaningful information can be extracted from the frequently inconclusive results; Fowles sees media effects as clearly resulting from media portrayals and thinks that there is sufficient research show this.
9. In the film "Popular Culture: Rage, Rights and Responsibility," Charles R. Ogletree of Harvard Law School goes after David W. Harleston, the president of Def Jam Recordings, a rap-record company. In an earlier interchange, Mr. Harleston said he would release a hypothetical record by a hypothetical rap group called the Black Nightmare Messengers that seemed to prescribe killing teachers. He reassures anyone made nervous by such a message that in the lingo of rap, the lyric "off the teacher" should not be taken literally. So Mr. Ogletree invents another hot group, the Aryan Brothers, who have put out a big hit called "The New Plague," which advises ridding the earth of blacks and Jews. When Mr. Harleston says no, he wouldn't touch that one, Mr. Ogletree charges him with being a racist because he had no objection to the black group "offing" teachers or police.
10. In the film "Popular Culture: Rage, Rights and Responsibility," television's defenders minimize the influence of the medium on children. To critics' demands that corporations exercise some responsibility for what they put on the market, those in the business respond by putting responsibility on parents to oversee what their children watch.
11. In the film "Reporting on Terrorism: The News Media and Public Health," several real areas of concern were explored. Of those listed below, which one was NOT explored.
- [ ] How much money should the media be paid to keep quiet?
- [ ] How reliable are the sources that feed the media?
- [ ] How quickly do government officials deliver substantive public reports about what is and is not happening?
- [ ] How do we improve communication between public health officials and the media?
- [ ] How candid are the hospital representatives and public health officials in the delivery of information to the public? Do they tend to minimize or maximize situations?
12. Dramatic changes in the news media over the last decade have created a new kind of campaign coverage, and the press, politicians and the public are increasingly uncomfortable with the impact of this voracious news machine. Traditional news sources like daily newspapers and network news programs now compete for scoops with 24-hour cable news channels, and rumors turn into news as fast as they surface on the Internet. In the film "DISCONNECTED: Politics, the Press and the Public," Dan Rather says there is one thing that is a very large factor in every newsroom. What is it?
- [ ] Time
- [ ] Having Enough Reporters
- [ ] Fear
- [ ] Money
- [ ] Fashion
13. In the film "DISCONNECTED: Politics, the Press and the Public," television producer Ramon Escobar said ratings play a big part on whether or not he keeps his job. How long did he say a television producer, on average, holds that job before he/she is fired?
- [ ] 7 Years
- [ ] 5 Years
- [ ] 6 Months
- [ ] 2 Years
- [ ] 14 Months
- [ ] 10 Years
14. In the film "Stories from the War Zone: Modern Combat Journalism," Middle East bureau chief for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Neil Macdonald discusses and demonstrates firsthand how to manage risk, deal with censorship, and meet ever-increasing demands for stories while in Israel. He said reporters go through four stages of emotion during the weeks and months they spend covering stories in the Middle East. Of those listed below, which is NOT one of them.
- [ ] Disenchantment
- [ ] Retreat
- [ ] Adjustment
- [ ] Melancholy
- [ ] Enchantment